Poverty Threshold Is The Maximum Value - 999 Words

Poverty threshold is the maximum value that classifies an individual as not having sufficient money or income to support the basic needs and living in a poor environment that potentially affects his or her physical health. In other words, people who are constantly worrying and struggling the incapacity and limited resources to provide themselves food, clothing, housing, health care, and transportation are considered in poverty. U.S. Government Official Measure: Following the Office of Management and Budget s (OMB) Statistical Policy Directive 14, the Census Bureau now determines who is in poverty by issuing a poverty threshold. To classify whether an individual or a family is in poverty, the Census Bureau compares a person’s family total pre-tax cash income from all sources such as earning, interest, and cash welfare with the Social Security Administration threshold that was set at three times the cost of a minimum food diet in 1963. An individual or a family would be considered in poverty if the total pre-tax cash income is below the assigned threshold from an array of 48 thresholds. The poverty threshold is updated annually by using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for price inflation. The thresholds vary by family size and the age of members, but do not vary geographically (National Research Council). The Census Bureau uses the quantitative self-report data to estimate an individual or a family total income and calculate the poverty rate. The Census Bureau conducts twoShow MoreRelatedPoverty Inequality : Poverty And Income Inequality1526 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty Income Inequality How do we balance the assistance we give the poor but do not discourage work? The labor markets which determine how much workers are paid do not take into consideration how much a family really requires to pay for all expenses like health care, clothes, food, housing, and transportation. The labor markets actually create inequalities of income and as a result create issues leading to poverty. Poverty is measured by the U.S. Census Bureau as a direct result of the OfficeRead MoreRaising the Minimum Wage, A Speech Outline Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pages(Maben) A. Idaho has the highest percentage of minimum-wage workers per capita of any state. (Maben) B. The overall poverty rate among Idaho residents climbed to 16.0 percent in 2012, from 11.8 percent in 1999. (U.S. Bureau of the Census) C. In the State of the Union, President Obama observed that In the wealthiest nation on Earth, no one who works full-time should have to live in poverty. (Hiltzik) III. Credibility Statement: A. The current federal minimum wage of $7.25 should be increasedRead MoreHow The Income Tax Credit Is The Land Of The Free1586 Words   |  7 Pageswork. The War on Poverty drastically shook the nation. The legislators were caught between a rock and a hard place. They wanted to creatively think of a way to move welfare recipients to work. This program is often considered a â€Å"work incentive.† It gave people that push to get back to work, in hopes of receiving a credit. Federal taxes were established to fund several social and economic goals. The goals include the following: national security, economic stability, and poverty alleviation. TheyRead More2013 Federal Poverty Guidelines1992 Words   |  8 PagesCensus Bureau as â€Å"individuals with pre-tax income below the Poverty Threshold† (What). The â€Å"Poverty Threshold† in turn was calculated by the Secretary of Social Security as â€Å"3 times the average annual cost of food for subsistence of an individual, based on Department of Agriculture estimates.† This same formula is the basis for contemporary poverty statistics after corrections for inflation are added. Using this formula, the poverty line has gone from an estimated $3000 in the mid 1950s for aRead MoreThe Minimum Wage War1167 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Franklin D. Roosevelt signed 121 bills. Among these bills was a landmark law in the United States’ social and economic development—Fair Lab or Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) or otherwise known as the Wages and Hours Bill. This new law created a maximum forty-four hour workweek, guaranteed â€Å"time-and-a-half† for overtime hours in certain jobs, banned oppressive child labor, and established the nation’s first minimum wage. By definition, a minimum wage is the lowest wage permitted by law or by a specialRead MoreProblems With Technology During The Classroom1116 Words   |  5 Pagesand other forms of technology into the classroom. Nonetheless, BYOD encourages students to bring their own device from home so that there is a sufficiency with the number of computers/smart devices. Lack of Student Motivation Many students do not value education and thus do not care about putting forth effort in their school work or even attending. This is a challenge that when achieved, may change the lives of the nation’s youth. A student that is not motivated may initially be on grade level andRead MoreThe Effects Of Liquidating Food Deserts On The United States Essay2062 Words   |  9 Pagesbecause of the large number of people in poverty. With the fleeing number of locally owned grocery stores and convenient fast food restaurants sprouting in urban and rural areas, residents do not have an adequate quantity of fruits and vegetables readily available. The City of Baltimore defines a food desert as â€Å"an area where the distance to a supermarket is more than one quarter of a mile; the median household income is at or below 185 percent of the Federal Poverty Level; over 30 percent of householdsRead MoreClimate Change and Health Effects1968 Words   |  8 PagesPhilippines Period: 1951-2006 (departures from the 1961-1990 normal values) 1.5 Anomaly 1 Temperature Anomaly ( ° C) 5 year running mean Linear (5 year running mean) 0.5 0 -0.5 y = 0.0109x - 0.2423 -1 -1.5 51 56 61 66 71 76 Year 81 86 91 96 01 06 An increase of 0.6104 ° from 1951-2006 C Observed Mean Annual Maximum Temperature Anomalies in the Philippines Period: 1951-2006 (departures from the 1961-1990 normal values) 1.5 Anomaly 1 5 year running mean Linear (5 year running mean)Read MoreIs Urban Sprawl Threatening the Sustainability of Cape Town 2378 Words   |  10 Pagesland and that are providing about half of the fresh crops to the city, they see it differently. They see the importance of their farms and the value and viability it has on the Cape Town food systems in the long run. (Battersby, 2012:2) This unique challenge that the Philippi farmland is going through at the moment is quite an immense crisis that has little value and say. The consequences of the decision that is going to be made both locally and in a far broader spectrum if this food source is removedRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca ) Essay1845 Words   |  8 Pagesthe uninsured people are due to being in the low-income working families’ bracket, and family that has an income below 200% of poverty. The proposal is to decrease the number of uninsured through the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and to provide Medicaid coverage to many low-income individuals in states that expand and Marketplace subsidies for individuals below 400% poverty. The resolutions would to examine the appearances of the uninsured people, and summarize the admission and fiscal suggestions of

Chapter 1 Asterisms Vs Constellations. One Of The Things

Chapter 1: Asterisms vs Constellations One of the things that I found interesting in chapter one was the difference between asterisms and constellations. Growing up, there was an impression that a constellation was the pattern that the stars made at night to create a picture. But that’s not what a constellation is according to author’s Timothy Slater and Roger Freedman. They define a constellation as semi-rectangular regions that divide the night sky. (Slater) So then what are those patterns in the night sky called? Asterisms. I stand corrected. Chapter 2: The Photon and Wavelength of Light Connection Throughout the second chapter of Investigating Astronomy: A Conceptual View of the Universe, authors Timothy Slater and Roger†¦show more content†¦Chapter 5: Magnetosphere We now that the Earth has layers in the atmosphere to protect us from the Suns light and heat. It may not be technically a â€Å"layer† of the atmosphere, but the magnetosphere also plays a role in our protection. The Sun produces something called solar wind which is basically â€Å"the flow of† â€Å"charged particles from the Sun†, writes authors Timothy Slater and Roger Freedman. (Slater) Solar wind can travel at supersonic speeds and we probably wouldn’t be here have this discussion. Fortunately for us, the magnetosphere and Earth’s magnetic field can deflect these winds. Chapter 6: Europa We sometimes hear of civilizations living on moons rather than planets in science fiction works. (For example, in the Star Wars series, an alien race called Ewoks live on the moon that orbits the planet of Endor.) This can be a fun concept for writers, but it’s nothing to really take seriously. Right? Reading about the Jovian moon Europa may make you change your mind. One of the essentials of life is water. Some of our planets display evidence of water, but what about the moons? The authors of Investigating Astronomy: A Conceptual View of the Universe discuss Europa, a Jovian moon, and the possibility of water being there. The spacecraft dubbed Galileo sent back data showing that â€Å"Europa’s infrared spectrum is a close match to that of a thin layer of fine-grain water ice frost on top of aShow MoreRelatedConstellations5203 Words   |  21 Pages------------------------------------------------- Constellation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the star grouping. For other uses, see  Constellation (disambiguation). | | | | * Top: Baroque drawing of the constellation  Orionfrom  Johannes Hevelius  celestial catalogue * Bottom: Contemporary map of Orion from the  IAUand photography of the night sky | In everyday usage, a  constellation  is a traditional or recognizable group of stars in the night sky,Read MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesPicatrix (see I.P.Couliano, Eros and Magic in the Renaissance, University of Chicago Press, 1987, p. 118). The Picatrix is mentioned by Johannes Trithemius in Book 2 of his notorious Steganographia (1500) and in his Antipalus Maleficiorum (c. 1500). One copy (British Library, Sloane manuscript 3679) passed down from Simon Forman (d. 1611) to Richard Napier (d. 1634) to Elias Ashmole (d. 1692) to William Lilly (d. 1681). E.M. Butler wrongly associates it with Gio. Peccatrix, (no doubt a pseudonym) who

Agricultural Reforms in Australia Labor Regulations

Question: Write about theAgricultural Reforms in Australiafor Labor Regulations. Answer: Introduction In the 1980s, Australian farmers made change work. The representatives of the farmers realized that subsidies and tariffs did more harm than good to them as they comprised a pattern of regulations that were inflexible. This is what led to the call for reforms in Agriculture both in Australia and largely in other European Union countries. By giving up governments protection through the various policies, farmers became more influential and productive (Crase, 2011). They achieved a greater flexibility in labor regulations, leadership in environment stewardship and expertise as business people. This resulted in the farmers being able to make decisions on production based on market factors. However, Australian farmers need certainty that these reforms will continue until the industry reaches a clear end in point (Kjeldsen-Kragh, 2007). The farmers wanted better prices that reflect the economic and market factors as well as being given more power and influence in the market. Who is Interested and Why First, the party most interested in the reforms is the farmers. This is because the reforms expose farmers to price changes that their products command. Thus, the openness to the market serves as a motivating factor to farmers to make the necessary response to the interplay of preferences by consumers and other farmers productions. Another reason why factors are interested in the reforms is because it results to market efficiency in the industry. They also equip farmers with the required business skills to be able to mage risks (OECD review of agricultural policies, 2005). The government is the other stakeholder interested in this reforms. The fact that the government is the overall overseer of the industry it is mandated to make policies which may change the industrys profitability and commodity prices at large. This is to protect both the consumer and the farmer in order to make the industry sustainable. Agrarian reform is a significant aspect for the economy of any country, Australia is no expectations as this industry is a major contributor to the countrys Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The industry also accounts for a big number of direct and indirect employments. Reforms are important because farmers rights are protected in the process (Martiin, Pan-Montojo and Brassley, n.d.). Because of agrarian reforms, output and production are increased and therefore stabilizing commodity prices. There are long run effects and short run effects of agricultural reforms which enables farmers to be protected in future against problems such as price fluctuations of their products through government incentives such as subsidies. Changes in capital and investment in the sector is poised to happen. The small farmers are not taxed in the reforms, hence their incomes is not affected. This increases savings, which consequently leads to better purchase of modern equipments that increase productivity. Recommendations of ReformsinAgriculture in Australia In Agricultural Policies in Australia, reforms are proposed to facilitate the success of the sector, in particular the reduction of impediments related to infrastructure, innovation and access to financial services. New investments will be required to boost productivity and encourage diversification, as well as strengthen efforts to adapt to the challenge of climate change. Looking ahead, it will be important to address the bottlenecks that slow down productivity growth and limit opportunities in the agricultural sector. In particular, it is necessary to reduce distorting aid to producers for marketing, which raises prices for low-income households and restricts the flexibility of farmers' farming options. Along with efforts to improve adaptation to climate change, these policy measures will help ensure a vibrant agricultural sector for future generation. In order to meet the challenge of liberalization under international trade agreements, Australia would have to improve the qualit y and timeliness of services for agriculture; Continue to invest in agricultural innovation and the development of high-value specialized export products and ensure opportunities for farmers to have access to the country's marketing structures. As part of a comprehensive adjustment strategy, the report also highlights the need to improve rural education and skills, and to help identify alternative ways for farmers who may have difficulty competing, as well as the need for investment Continues in the social safety net to help displaced farmers. The report recognizes that Australia is a global leader in mitigation and adaptation to climate change in the agricultural sector. Looking forward, it recommends continued progress to ensure mutually reinforcing agricultural and climate change policies, strengthening programs to encourage producer awareness, and greater emphasis on addressing future vulnerabilities, eg by implementing standards For a weather-resistant infrastructure. Conclusion Agriculture is a major contributor to GDP and employment in Australia and in recent years has developed to become a dynamic and competitive export sector (Scrieciu, 2011). Farmers in Australia should be helped by the government in offering extensive services that facilitate better yields in the farm. Achieving the dual objectives of government - the growth of the agricultural sector and the simultaneous reduction of losses - will require new policies that foster productivity growth, which has stagnated in recent years, even in the competitive export sector. Better implementation of government programs, better coordination among public institutions, and a reduction in bureaucratic processes would improve public services and help farmers achieve greater productivity. As part of a comprehensive adjustment strategy, the report also highlights the need to improve rural education and skills, and to help identify alternative ways for farmers who may have difficulty competing, as well as the need for investment continues in the social safety net to help displaced farmers (OECD review of agricultural policies, 2005). The report recognizes that Australia is a global leader in mitigation and adaptation to climate change in the agricultural sector. Looking forward, it recommends continued progress to ensure mutually reinforcing agricultural and climate change policies, strengthening programs to encourage producer awareness, and greater emphasis on addressing future vulnerabilities, e.g. by implementing standards for a weather-resistant infrastructure. References Crase, L. (2011).Water Policy in Australia. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Kjeldsen-Kragh, S. (2007).Role of Agriculture in Economic Development. Frederiksberg: Copenhagen Business School Press. Martiin, C., Pan-Montojo, J. and Brassley, P. (n.d.).Agriculture in capitalist Europe, 1945-1960. OECD review of agricultural policies. (2005). 1st ed. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Roberts, I. (2003).Three pillars of agricultural support and their impact on WTO reforms. Canberra: ABARE. Scrieciu, S. (2011).Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts on Agriculture in the New Europe. Hoboken: Taylor Francis.

Negotiation Process Essays - Dispute Resolution, European Cuisine

Negotiation Process When the discussion on this type of topic comes up, it is important to understand several key points. First is the fact that negotiations of this nature are done by one group (or institution) to another group. Now, knowing this it is also safe to assume that groups of people are not a collective of one mind and one thought, and thus the group will not act as one. Inside these groups, many different and sometimes conflicting ideas and interests are bound to hinder a straightforward negotiation. These internal problems creeping into the wood work before the other party has even made in to the table will ultimately create new layers in the bargaining process. This is not to say all internal negotiations are bad. In my opinion if a group will argue between them to smooth out all the potential internal interests and concerns; then it can also be sure that as a group the entire entity was come to the bargaining table with the knowledge that all of its main views have already been addressed. Then as a result the bargainer knows what as a group they would accept and decline. As it was briefly covered in the article the internal bickering within one group does have its downfalls which in the long run hinder the group more then promote it. If certain people within the group have personal agendas such as personal wealth or influence in mind, these views of the few that can go against the optimum deal for the entire group. Then as these people fight to have their views and solutions pushed forward the group may lose more in the long run. (Albeit the few people in the group may come out even stronger.) I believe the key to getting beyond the internal negotiations and out onto the bargaining table with the other party is to as a group not bicker over 1 or 2 minor things, but to look at these deals "one pie" which may have many different ingredients within it. The pie is only ready for the oven (ei. bargaining table) by the group when they have all added their own ingredients, and come to a resolution on these ingredients and the level of each. Once this is done, then it is time for external negotiations. I will use the cooking of a pie as a simile for the bargaining process to outline my views. In this way I hope to outline the reasons as they are presented in the article in my own way as I understand and agree with them. As it was rationalized in the article, external negotiations must be completely different process. Just as one doesn't add more ingredients to a pie after it's put in the oven, internal bickering within a group of what should have or shouldn't have gone into the pie has no place in the negotiations with the other party. Sure it is possible to change the ovens cooking time and even add new ideas to the pie before entering the oven, if that is what is needed to form an agreement. But as stated before, the pie represents the interests (hopefully the best interests.) of the group, and thus external negotiations should be keep out of the directions to make it. That being said, external negotiations will usually have conflicts within them due the large chance that the two party's interests are usually in conflict. One groups pie will bake in 5 minutes while the other's needs 10 minutes due to the ingredients in the pies, and thus the oven temperature will need to be addressed. This is when each group must appoint a "chef." These people should know all the ingredients within each other pies as well as why they were put in the pies in the first place. They need to be an expert in how to shape the oven so that both groups pie with be baked to their mutual satisfaction, but yet work together in hopes the "BATNA" has be reached. To do this the chefs (negotiators) must work together, they a partisans, try to find out how using the ingredients of each group will be baked into the pies without wreaking the pies or causing one of them to be burnt. One other major importance is the chefs will have to understand that some ingredients of the pies may have to be rearranged or taken out to reach an agreement. The chefs will need to share in this process, but